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CompTIA SecurityX Certification Exam Sample Questions (Q154-Q159):

NEW QUESTION # 154
An organization is implementing advanced security controls associated with the execution of software applications on corporate endpoints. The organization must implement a deny-all, permit-by-exception approach to software authorization for all systems regardless of OS. Which of the following should be implemented to meet these requirements?

A. Block list
B. Atomic execution
C. SELinux
D. MDM
E. XDR

Answer: A

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Step by Step
Understanding the Scenario: The organization wants a strict application control policy: deny all software execution by default and only allow specifically authorized applications. This must be enforced across all operating systems. It is implied that they mean an Allow list, but Block List is the only reasonable answer.
Analyzing the Answer Choices:
A: SELinux (Security-Enhanced Linux): SELinux is a security module for the Linux kernel that provides Mandatory Access Control (MAC). While it can enforce application control, it's specific to Linux and doesn't meet the "regardless of OS" requirement.
Reference:
B: MDM (Mobile Device Management): MDM solutions are primarily used to manage mobile devices (smartphones, tablets). While some MDM solutions offer application control features, they are not designed for comprehensive application control across all OS types (including desktops).
C: XDR (Extended Detection and Response): XDR is a threat detection and response platform that integrates multiple security products. While important for security, it's not designed to enforce application controlpolicies.
D: Allow List (Corrected from "Block List"): An allow list (also known as an application whitelisting) is a security mechanism that explicitly lists applications authorized to run. All other applications are blocked by default. This directly aligns with the "deny-all, permit-by-exception" approach.
E: Atomic execution: This is not a recognized security control or term related to application control.
An allow list perfectly implements the required security policy. By defining a list of approved applications, the organization ensures that only those applications can execute.
This approach is effective across different operating systems, as long as the OS has a mechanism to implement application allow lists (most modern OSs do).
CASP+ Relevance: Allow listing is a critical security control discussed in CASP+ as a method to reduce the attack surface, prevent malware execution, and enhance endpoint security.
Implementation Considerations (Elaboration based on CASP+ principles):
Creating the Allow List: This requires careful planning and inventorying of all necessary applications.
Enforcement Mechanisms: Different OSs have different tools for enforcing application control policies. Windows has AppLocker, macOS has its own mechanisms, and various third-party endpoint security solutions also provide this functionality.
Updating the Allow List: A process must be in place to add new applications to the allow list when needed, ensuring proper vetting and authorization.
Exceptions: There might be a need for exceptions for certain users or systems, requiring careful consideration and management.
In conclusion, an allow list (application whitelisting) is the most appropriate solution to implement a "deny-all, permit-by-exception" application control policy across all operating systems. It's a powerful security control aligned with the principles of least privilege and is a core concept covered in the CASP+ exam objectives. It is implied that the question was intended to be Allow List, but as written, Block List is the only reasonable answer.

NEW QUESTION # 155
A company must build and deploy security standards for all servers in its on-premises and cloud environments based on hardening guidelines. Which of the following solutions most likely meets the requirements?

A. Develop a security baseline to integrate with the vulnerability scanning platform to alert about any server not aligned with the new security standards.
B. Build all new images from scratch, installing only needed applications and modules in accordance with the new security standards.
C. Create baseline images for each OS in use, following security standards, and integrate the images into the patching and deployment solution.
D. Run a script during server deployment to remove all the unnecessary applications as part of provisioning.

Answer: C

Explanation:
Creatingsecure baseline imagesensuresconsistent, repeatabledeployment aligned withhardening standards.
These images can be used acrosson-premises and cloud environments, ensuring compliance and reducing misconfigurations.
* Vulnerability alerts (A)are reactive, not preventive.
* Building images from scratch (C)is time-consuming and unnecessary if baselines exist.
* Scripts for cleanup (D)are useful but do not prevent initial insecure configurations.

NEW QUESTION # 156
An auditor is reviewing the logs from a web application to determine the source of an incident. The web application architecture includes an internet-accessible application load balancer, a number of web servers in a private subnet, application servers, and one database server in a tiered configuration. The application load balancer cannot store the logs. The following are sample log snippets:
Web server logs:
192.168.1.10 - - [24/Oct/2020 11:24:34 +05:00] "GET /bin/bash" HTTP/1.1" 200 453 Safari/536.36
192.168.1.10 - - [24/Oct/2020 11:24:35 +05:00] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 453 Safari/536.36 Application server logs:
24/Oct/2020 11:24:34 +05:00 - 192.168.2.11 - request does not match a known local user. Querying DB
24/Oct/2020 11:24:35 +05:00 - 192.168.2.12 - root path. Begin processing Database server logs:
24/Oct/2020 11:24:34 +05:00 [Warning] 'option read_buffer_size1 unassigned value 0 adjusted to 2048
24/Oct/2020 11:24:35 +05:00 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self-signed.
Which of the following should the auditor recommend to ensure future incidents can be traced back to the sources?

A. Store the value of the $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] received by the web servers.
B. Use stored procedures on the database server.
C. Install a software-based HIDS on the application servers.
D. Install a certificate signed by a trusted CA.
E. Enable the X-Forwarded-For header at the load balancer.

Answer: E

Explanation:
The issue is tracing the original source of requests in a tiered architecture with a load balancer. The web server logs show internal IPs (192.168.1.10), not the external client IPs, because the load balancer forwards requests without preserving the source. Enabling theX-Forwarded-Forheader on the load balancer adds the client's original IP to the HTTP request headers, allowing downstream servers to log it. This ensures traceability without altering the architecture significantly.
* Option A:Correct-X-Forwarded-For is the standard solution for preserving client IPs through load balancers.
* Option B:A Host-based Intrusion Detection System (HIDS) detects anomalies but doesn't address IP traceability.
* Option C:A trusted CA certificate fixes the self-signed warning but is unrelated to source tracking.
* Option D:Stored procedures improve database security but don't help with IP logging.
* Option E:Storing $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] captures the loadbalancer's IP, not the client's, unless X-Forwarded-For is enabled.
Reference:CompTIA SecurityX CAS-005 Domain 4: Cybersecurity Operations - Log Analysis and Incident Investigation.

NEW QUESTION # 157
A security engineer is developing a solution to meet the following requirements?
* All endpoints should be able to establish telemetry with a SIEM.
* All endpoints should be able to be integrated into the XDR platform.
* SOC services should be able to monitor the XDR platform
Which of the following should the security engineer implement to meet the requirements?

A. HIPS and host-based firewall
B. HIDS and vTPM
C. CDR and central logging
D. WAF and syslog

Answer: A

Explanation:
To meet the requirements of having all endpoints establish telemetry with a SIEM, integrate into an XDR platform, and allow SOC services to monitor the XDR platform, the best approach is to implement Host Intrusion Prevention Systems (HIPS) and a host-based firewall. HIPS can provide detailed telemetry data to the SIEM and can be integrated into the XDR platform for comprehensive monitoring and response. The host-based firewall ensures that only authorized traffic is allowed, providing an additional layer of security.
Reference:
CompTIA SecurityX Study Guide: Describes the roles of HIPS and host-based firewalls in endpoint security and their integration with SIEM and XDR platforms.
NIST Special Publication 800-94, "Guide to Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (IDPS)": Highlights the capabilities of HIPS for security monitoring and incident response.
"Network Security Monitoring" by Richard Bejtlich: Discusses the integration of various security tools, including HIPS and firewalls, for effective security monitoring.

NEW QUESTION # 158
Employees use their badges to track the number of hours they work. The badge readers cannot be upgraded due to facility constraints. The software for the badge readers uses a legacy platform and requires connectivity to the enterprise resource planning solution. Which of the following is the best to ensure the security of the badge readers?

A. Vulnerability scans
B. Segmentation
C. Anti-malware

Answer: B

Explanation:
Segmentation is the best option to ensure the security of legacy badge readers that cannot be upgraded.
Segmentation isolates the legacy devices on a separate network segment to minimize their exposure to potential threats. This approach reduces the attack surface by preventing unauthorized access from other parts of the network while still allowing necessary connectivity to the enterprise resource planning (ERP) system.
* Vulnerability scans (B) are useful for identifying weaknesses but do not actively protect the badge readers.
* Anti-malware (C) is ineffective since the badge readers use a legacy platform that likely does not support modern endpoint protection solutions.

NEW QUESTION # 159
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